{"product_id":"ss-31-elamipretide-50mg-per-vial","title":"SS-31 50mg Per Vial","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #1a2744; border-radius: 8px; padding: 16px 20px; margin-bottom: 16px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 24px; color: #ffffff;\"\u003e✔\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px;\"\u003eBacteriostatic (BAC) Water Included\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 4px 0 0; color: #c8d0e0; font-size: 13px;\"\u003eNo separate purchase required\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 16px; justify-content: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"background-color: #eef1f7; color: #1a2744; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; padding: 5px 12px; border-radius: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.03em;\"\u003eMitochondrial Biology\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: #eef1f7; color: #1a2744; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; padding: 5px 12px; border-radius: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.03em;\"\u003eCellular Energy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: #eef1f7; color: #1a2744; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; padding: 5px 12px; border-radius: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.03em;\"\u003eCardiolipin Research\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: #f0f3f8; border-left: 4px solid #1a2744; border-radius: 4px; padding: 14px 18px; margin-bottom: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin: 0; color: #1a2744; font-style: italic; font-size: 15px;\"\u003eA mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide for investigating the relationship between mitochondrial membrane organisation, cardiolipin and cellular energy production.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is SS-31?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31, also known as Elamipretide, MTP-131 and Bendavia, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that has attracted significant scientific interest for its role in mitochondrial function.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitochondria are often described as the powerhouses of our cells because they are responsible for producing most of the energy cells need to function.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 is particularly interesting because it is designed to target the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it interacts with a specialised phospholipid called cardiolipin.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCardiolipin plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial membrane structure and supporting the processes involved in cellular energy production.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy interacting with cardiolipin, SS-31 is being investigated for its potential to support mitochondrial membrane organisation, cellular energy production and mitochondrial efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnlike compounds that primarily target hormonal or metabolic receptors, SS-31 focuses directly on mitochondrial biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt represents an important area of research into cellular energy, oxidative stress and mitochondrial health.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy is SS-31 interesting?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial function is essential for almost every tissue in the body.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen mitochondria are functioning properly, they help cells convert nutrients into ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the main energy currency used by cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearchers are particularly interested in SS-31 because of its interaction with cardiolipin and its potential influence on:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial membrane integrity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular energy production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eATP generation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOxidative stress pathways\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectron transport chain activity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular metabolic function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese mechanisms have made SS-31 an important subject in research involving mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 \u0026amp; Mitochondrial Function\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo understand SS-31, it helps to understand how mitochondria work.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInside each mitochondrion is an inner membrane containing specialised structures responsible for producing cellular energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis membrane contains cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid that helps maintain its structure and supports important proteins involved in energy production.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 has been shown to selectively interact with cardiolipin. This interaction is being investigated for its ability to:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStabilise mitochondrial membrane structure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport the organisation of mitochondrial cristae\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfluence electron transport chain activity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduce excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport mitochondrial bioenergetics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe goal of this research is to better understand how maintaining mitochondrial structure may influence cellular energy production.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 \u0026amp; Cardiolipin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne of the most interesting features of SS-31 is its relationship with cardiolipin.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCardiolipin is a specialised lipid found predominantly in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It plays several important roles:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintains mitochondrial membrane architecture.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHelps organise proteins involved in energy production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports the electron transport chain.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContributes to mitochondrial membrane stability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParticipates in important cellular signalling processes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen mitochondrial function becomes impaired, cardiolipin can undergo oxidative changes that may affect mitochondrial performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 binds to cardiolipin through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearchers are investigating how this interaction may help maintain mitochondrial membrane organisation and protect important mitochondrial processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 \u0026amp; ATP Production\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy-carrying molecule used by cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEveryday cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve signalling, tissue maintenance and metabolic reactions, depend on ATP.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitochondria produce ATP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis involves the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes located within the inner mitochondrial membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 has been investigated for its ability to influence mitochondrial bioenergetics by interacting with cardiolipin and supporting the organisation and function of mitochondrial membrane proteins.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreclinical studies have reported improvements in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production under certain conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis makes SS-31 particularly interesting in research exploring mitochondrial energy production.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 \u0026amp; Oxidative Stress\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eOxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the cell's ability to regulate them.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitochondria naturally produce reactive oxygen species during energy production. However, dysfunctional mitochondria can generate excessive amounts, potentially contributing to oxidative damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch into SS-31 has explored its potential to:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduce excessive mitochondrial ROS production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfluence oxidative stress pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtect mitochondrial membrane components.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport mitochondrial bioenergetics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain mitochondrial structural integrity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eImportantly, SS-31 is not simply a conventional antioxidant. Its proposed mechanism involves its interaction with cardiolipin and mitochondrial membrane function.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 \u0026amp; Muscle Function\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eMuscle tissue has particularly high energy requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMuscle cells depend heavily on mitochondria to generate the ATP needed for contraction, movement and normal muscle function.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause of this, mitochondrial dysfunction has become an important area of investigation in muscle-related research.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 has been studied in conditions involving impaired mitochondrial function, including primary mitochondrial myopathies and Barth syndrome.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearchers are investigating its potential relationship with:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial energy production in muscle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMuscle performance and function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial oxidative stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular energy availability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMuscle-related mitochondrial disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman clinical studies have been conducted in these areas, although results have varied depending on the condition and clinical outcome being measured.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 \u0026amp; Cellular Ageing Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial function is an important area of ageing research.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs cells age, changes in mitochondrial function, energy production and oxidative balance may occur.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause SS-31 interacts with cardiolipin and mitochondrial membrane structures, researchers have investigated its potential relevance to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAreas of interest include:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial integrity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular bioenergetics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOxidative stress regulation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial membrane function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular energy metabolism.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis has made SS-31 an interesting compound in experimental research exploring mitochondrial ageing.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, it has not been established as an anti-ageing treatment in humans.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat makes SS-31 different?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondria-targeting:\u003c\/strong\u003e Designed to accumulate within mitochondria and interact with their inner membrane.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCardiolipin interaction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Selectively binds cardiolipin, a phospholipid essential for mitochondrial structure and function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eATP research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Investigated for its influence on mitochondrial respiration and ATP production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOxidative stress:\u003c\/strong\u003e Studied for its ability to reduce excessive mitochondrial ROS production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCellular energy:\u003c\/strong\u003e Focuses on mitochondrial bioenergetics rather than conventional hormonal pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMuscle research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Investigated in mitochondrial disorders affecting muscle function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAgeing research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Being explored for its potential relevance to age-related mitochondrial changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat Does the Research Show?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 has been investigated in laboratory studies, animal models and human clinical trials.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey research findings include:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Cardiolipin interaction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch has demonstrated that SS-31 binds to cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane, influencing mitochondrial membrane organisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Mitochondrial energy production\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreclinical studies have reported improvements in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production under certain experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Oxidative stress\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch has demonstrated reductions in excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in experimental models.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. Muscle-related mitochondrial research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClinical trials have investigated SS-31 in people with primary mitochondrial myopathy and other mitochondrial disorders. However, a major Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary efficacy endpoints.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Barth syndrome\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElamipretide received FDA approval in September 2025 under the brand name Forzinity for improving muscle strength in adults and children with Barth syndrome who weigh at least 30kg.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a specific medical indication and does not establish effectiveness for general mitochondrial health, athletic performance, anti-ageing or other proposed applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA New Direction in Mitochondrial Research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 represents an interesting development in mitochondrial science because it focuses on one of the most important structures involved in cellular energy production: the inner mitochondrial membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIts interaction with cardiolipin has opened further research into how mitochondrial structure, oxidative stress and cellular energy production are interconnected.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs research continues, scientists are investigating the role of mitochondrial-targeting compounds in understanding cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 remains an important subject in mitochondrial research, particularly in areas involving cardiolipin, cellular energy and mitochondrial membrane integrity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 50mg: Research Areas at a Glance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial Function • Cardiolipin Interaction • ATP Production • Cellular Energy • Oxidative Stress • Mitochondrial Integrity • Muscle Function Research • Cellular Bioenergetics • Mitochondrial Ageing Research\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct:\u003c\/strong\u003e SS-31 (Elamipretide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50mg per vial\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCategory:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mitochondrial research compound\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBAC Water:\u003c\/strong\u003e Included\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrice:\u003c\/strong\u003e R1,650.00\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntended use:\u003c\/strong\u003e Laboratory and scientific research only\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Disclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eSS-31 (Elamipretide) is a research compound. Although an FDA-approved prescription formulation exists for the specific treatment of Barth syndrome in the United States, this does not mean that all SS-31 products or formulations are approved medicines.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Peptigen research product is not represented as FDA-approved Forzinity or as a substitute for an authorised prescription medicine. Its quality, safety and effectiveness must not be assumed equivalent to an approved pharmaceutical formulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch findings discussed on this page include laboratory, animal and human clinical research. Results from one research setting or medical condition should not be interpreted as proof of benefits in other populations or applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeptigen products are provided for laboratory research purposes only. Information is presented for general scientific and educational purposes and should not be considered medical advice or a treatment recommendation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeptigen does not provide dosing, administration or reconstitution guidance for research compounds. Purchasers are responsible for ensuring that research materials are handled within an appropriate research environment and in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, laboratory protocols and safety requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch use only.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePEPTIGEN\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePeptigen.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eQuality. Research. 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